[Overdriven]

I may be from across the pond but I'm a bit of a moped/scooter and small bike aficionado, and Europe has some way cooler small bikes than the US. It used to be the UK basically had no special liscense for mopeds/scooters that are under a certain power level and don't exceed about 30mph, but you still needed registration and insurance. Any faster or more powerful than that and you need your Learners (CBT) which is limited to 125cc. But like you said you can ride (with the big red "L" below the plate) before getting your full liscense.

You can also get into trouble hopping up any of the bikes that are supposed to be "limited" and I've heard that some metro areas that have portable dynos to measure output and will hand out tickets for excessive output. I'd have to assume a basic e-bicycle would fall into some sort of "assisted power" category of bicycle not requiring registration and insurance due to low speeds. A moped/scooter that can't go over 30mph would need registration and insurance but no special liscense. Of course anything not manufactured and already certified to meet the requirements of a certain registration class must be inspected by the govt. It's basically the same here. We don't get the CBT with the 125cc restriction though. Here you get your learners but can only ride with someone who has a full liscense (they can be on a separate bike) until you pass the test for a full liscense.