Sounds like you need something made from thicker rubber more than anything, or something like a real tyre that has canvas woven into it to resist stretching and ballooning. A rubber tube glued to a rim would kick ass though for sure, so long as its about 5.5-6" in diameter and about 4" wide- mucho traction....
I'm talking to my cousin now and he said it'll be possible to make a tire that can handle the speed. He said they're doing drag tires now as well for full size cars and they can have different mixtures of rubber for higher traction if needed. This is sounding good so far. I'm going to send him some rims and will see what happens.